• Ph.D. Atmospheric Sciences, Dalhousie University, 2003. Advisor: Richard Greatbatch. Dissertation title: On northern hemispheric climate change and variability during the last half of the 20th century
  
  
• Ph.D. Physcial Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, 1999. Advisors: Shizuo Feng and Dexing Wu. Dissertation title: Preliminary study on the chaotic mixing and transport near the equatorial Pacific thermal front